Music examples

Score examples should be incorporated into the text of the essay rather than appended at the end. Each example should be numbered so that it can be referred to easily in the text. It should also give the name of the composer, the title of the work and the bar numbers quoted.

Each example should be placed, wherever possible, immediately following the paragraph in which it is discussed. It is helpful to annotate the examples in order to demonstrate clearly the particular features of the music being discussed.

Music examples should be integral to the argument of the essay and should illustrate both the small and large-scale points you discuss. Sometimes, a diagram or chart can be more convenient than a few bars of music. Include enough in the excerpt to create a context for the section you discuss. Choose the amount of music to be included in examples carefully: don't simply include scores of entire works.

You must discuss the example in the body of your text and make clear exactly what point it illustrates. It is not sufficient merely to include the example and leave the reader to their own conclusions.

Make sure that you include:

• clefs
• key and time signatures
• instrumentation
• bar numbers

As a rule, it is better to take your examples from complete scores or collected editions, rather than using the examples in books or articles. If you must use an example from a secondary source, it is essential that you footnote the source.